Land for construction is often at a premium. Lowland real estate
is needed for farming, and slopes are difficult to build large structures on.
Therefore, buildings in Chigan are relatively tall and narrow, with three or
four stories being very common. In the lowlands, a typical household consists
of several narrow towers at the corners of a walled courtyard. Stories within a
tower typically consist of a single room; any necessary divisions are created
by portable wooden or fabric screens. Small windows on all sides, often
decorated with elaborately carved lattices, provide cross-ventilation without
letting in too much light, while the courtyard provides shaded but open work
space. Particularly wealthy homes are a complex of towers and small courtyards
and sometimes contain a large central tower or high-ceilinged hall; temple and
monastery architecture is similar. Poorer people live in compounds where they
may occupy a tower (or just one floor of a tower) but share a courtyard with
neighbors. Ladders are usually used instead of space-gobbling stairs; spiral
staircases are a common sign of an up-and-coming household. Higher stories, and
particularly the inward-facing sides, may have balconies.
At higher altitudes, a household may have a single, large tower
with very thick, insulating walls. The interior is likely to be divided into
rooms with walls rather than portable screens. Though such buildings typically
have a walled courtyard, the walls are much lower than a town building, and
work is only done there in calm weather. Typically, animals are kept on the
ground floor, and people live upstairs.
In any event, most buildings are made of earthen materials. The
hills are rich in broken stone, so most structures are rubble packed together
with earth, with wooden floors and ceilings. The very poor may live in
structures constructed mainly from bamboo, possibly with facings of mud and
straw. Buildings are typically colored differently than their surroundings.
Buildings of the moderately wealthy are whitewashed and have contrasting colors
of paint around doors, windows, and any visible structural members, but even
the poorest have at least a facing of clay which contrasts with the nearby
earth. Inside, elaborately carved wooden panels and tapestry wall hangings are
common decorations.
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